Backyard Diva

Kitchen Witchcraft

“…the term kitchen witch refers to pagans who practice informally, with the tools at hand and a deep appreciation for the sacred in the everyday.“
-Cait Johnson, Witch in the Kitchen

A kitchen witch is usually a solitary practitioner of folk magic and herb lore. They don’t have spend a lot of time or money acquiring a collection of magical tools in order to conduct their rituals. For instance, a wooden spoon can become a wand, a drinking glass can be used as a chalice, and the dinning room table can act as a temporary altar.

A kitchen witch uses whatever is found around the home to work magic and is focused on making their own recipes, lotions and potions which often feature herbs and spices. Kitchen witches may also be experienced gardeners who grow many of their own herbs and vegetables.

The Kitchen as a Sacred Space
Before you begin to cook you should take the time to prepare your kitchen so that it has a healthy balance of positive energy. You can use a broom, which is also called a besom in certain pagan traditions, to ritualistically sweep away any negative energy that may be present in the kitchen. An added bonus is that you are also clearing the floor of any dirt and debris that may be present making for a neat and tidy environment in which to create your kitchen masterpieces. Then you may want to smudge the kitchen by burning a bundle of white sage which cleanses and purifies the air. Burning a green candle while you are cooking symbolizes the healing power of the all natural, herbs that you are adding to your recipes.

You may also want to cleanse yourself before undertaking any magical work. A ritual herbal bath can help to purify your body, mind and soul. Add a handful of fresh or dried herbs to a muslin bag or tie the herbs in the middle of a double layer of cheese cloth. Some favorite herbs to use include rosemary, peppermint and basil but use whatever ones that you find to be the most pleasing or that have a special magical significance to you.

Place the herb bag into the tub as the water is being drawn. This herb bag can also be used to scrub and cleanse your skin while you are enjoying your bath. The herb bag should be wrung out and discarded at the end of your bath. The contents of the used herb bag can be added to your compost bin to be recycled back into our sacred mother earth.

To further enhance the mood of the cleansing bath light some unscented white or green candles to place throughout the bathroom in order to enjoy their ambiance while partaking of your purifying ritual. You could also use scented candles that correspond to the aroma of the herbs that you have added to your herb bag to further enhance this ritual.

Resources
If you would like to learn more about the kitchen witch tradition here are a few books to research.

Kitchen Witchery; A Compendium of Oils, Unguents, Incense, Tinctures & Comestibles by Marilyn Daniel. Published by Weiser Books, 2002. Paperback, 274 pages.

Kitchen Witch’s Guide to Divination; Finding, Crafting & Using Fortune-Telling Tools from Around Your Home by Patricia Telesco. Published by New Page Books, 2004. Paperback, 218 pages.

The Kitchen Witch Companion; Simple and Sublime Culinary Magic by Patricia Telesco. Published by Citadel Press, 2005. Paperback, 296 pages.

The Wicca Cookbook; Recipes, Ritual & Lore by Jamie Wood and Tara Seefeldt. Published by Celestial Arts, 2000. Paperback, 200 pages.

Witch in the Kitchen; Magical Cooking for All Seasons by Cait Johnson. Published by Destiny Books, 2001. Paperback, 224 pages.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Herbal Fact Sheet - Chamomile

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb chamomile—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Two types of chamomile are used for health conditions: German chamomile and Roman chamomile. While the two kinds are thought to have similar effects on the body, the German variety is more commonly used in the United States and is the focus of this fact sheet.

Common Names—chamomile, German chamomile

Latin Names—Matricaria recutita, Chamomilla recutita

What It Is Used For
• Chamomile has been widely used in children and adults for thousands of years for a variety of health conditions.

• The herb is often used for sleeplessness; anxiety; and gastrointestinal conditions such as upset stomach, gas, and diarrhea.

• It is used topically for skin conditions and for mouth ulcers resulting from cancer treatment.

How It Is Used
The flowering tops of the chamomile plant are used to make teas, liquid extracts, capsules, or tablets. The herb can also be applied to the skin as a cream or an ointment, or used as a mouth rinse.

What the Science Says
• Chamomile has not been well studied in people so there is little evidence to support its use for any condition.

• Some early studies point to chamomile’s possible benefits for mouth ulcers and certain skin conditions. In combination with other herbs, it may be of some benefit for upset stomach and for diarrhea in children.

• NCCAM-funded research on chamomile includes studies of the herb for generalized anxiety disorder and for chronic pain caused by children’s bowel disorders.

Side Effects and Cautions
• There are reports of rare allergic reactions in people who have eaten or come into contact with chamomile products. Reactions include skin rashes, throat swelling, shortness of breath, and anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic reaction).

• People are more likely to experience allergic reactions to chamomile if they are allergic to related plants in the daisy family, which includes ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, and daisies.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This helps to ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
German chamomile. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on May 15, 2007.

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita, Chamaemelum nobile). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on May 16, 2007.

Chamomile flower, German. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:57-61.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Herbal Fact Sheet - Chasteberry

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb chasteberry— common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Chasteberry is the fruit of the chaste tree, a small shrub-like tree native to Central Asia and the Mediterranean region. The name is thought to come from a belief that the plant promoted chastity—it is reported that monks in the Middle Ages used chasteberry to decrease sexual desire.

Common Names—chasteberry, chaste-tree berry, vitex, monk’s pepper

Latin Name—Vitex agnus-castus

What It Is Used For
• Chasteberry has been used for thousands of years, mostly by women to ease menstrual problems and to stimulate the production of breast milk.

• Chasteberry is still used for menstrual problems, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), as well as for symptoms of menopause, some types of infertility, and acne.

How It Is Used
The dried ripe chasteberry is used to prepare liquid extracts or solid extracts that are put into capsules and tablets.

What the Science Says
• A few studies of chasteberry for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have found a benefit. However, most of these studies were not well designed, so firm conclusions about chasteberry for PMS cannot be drawn.

• Small studies suggest that chasteberry may help with breast pain and some types of infertility, but there is not enough reliable scientific evidence to determine whether chasteberry has any effect on these conditions.

• NCCAM is funding studies on chasteberry. Recent projects have explored how chasteberry works in the body and how it might affect symptoms of PMS.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Chasteberry has not been associated with serious side effects. However, it can cause gastrointestinal problems, acne-like rashes, and dizziness.

• Chasteberry may affect certain hormone levels. Women who are pregnant or taking birth control pills or who have a hormone-sensitive condition (such as breast cancer) should not use chasteberry.

• Because chasteberry may affect the dopamine system in the brain, people taking dopamine-related medications, such as selegiline, amantadine, and levodopa, should avoid chasteberry.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus). In: Coates P, Blackman M, Cragg G, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2005:95-103.

Chasteberry. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on November 21, 2006.

Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on November 21, 2006.

Chaste tree fruit. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:62-64.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Herbal Fact Sheet - Black Cohosh

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb black cohosh—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Black cohosh is a plant native to North America.

Common Names—black cohosh, black snakeroot, macrotys, bugbane, bugwort, rattleroot, rattleweed

Latin Names—Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa

What It Is Used For
• Black cohosh has a history of use for rheumatism (arthritis and muscle pain), but has been used more recently to treat hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and other symptoms that can occur during menopause.

• Black cohosh has also been used for menstrual irregularities and premenstrual syndrome, and to induce labor.

How It Is Used
The underground stems and roots of black cohosh are commonly used fresh or dried to make strong teas (infusions), capsules, solid extracts used in pills, or liquid extracts (tinctures).

What the Science Says
• Study results are mixed on whether black cohosh effectively relieves menopausal symptoms.

• Studies to date have been less than 6 months long, so long-term safety data are not currently available.

• NCCAM is funding studies to determine whether black cohosh reduces the frequency and intensity of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms.

• There are not enough reliable data to determine whether black cohosh is effective for rheumatism or other uses.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Black cohosh can cause headaches and stomach discomfort. In clinical trials comparing the effects of the herb and those of estrogens, a low number of side effects were reported, such as headaches, gastric complaints, heaviness in the legs, and weight problems.

• No interactions have been reported between black cohosh and prescription medicines.

• Black cohosh has recently been linked to a few cases of hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), but it is not clear whether black cohosh caused the problem.

• It is not clear if black cohosh is safe for women who have had breast cancer or for pregnant women.

• Black cohosh should not be confused with blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), which has different properties, treatment uses, and side effects than black cohosh. Black cohosh is sometimes used with blue cohosh to stimulate labor, but this therapy has caused adverse effects in newborns, which appear to be due to blue cohosh.

• It is important to inform your health care providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using, including black cohosh. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.

Sources
Office of Dietary Supplements and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Questions and Answers About Black Cohosh and the Symptoms of Menopause. Office of Dietary Supplements Web site. Accessed at http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/blackcohosh.asp on June 30, 2005.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Office of Dietary Supplements. Workshop on the Safety of Black Cohosh in Clinical Studies. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Web site. Accessed at http://nccam.nih.gov/news/pastmeetings/blackcohosh_mtngsumm.pdf on June 30, 2005.

Black cohosh. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on June 30, 2005.

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa [L.] Nutt.). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on June 30, 2005.

Black cohosh root. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:22-26.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Herbal Fact Sheet - Dandelion

This fact sheet provides basic information about dandelion—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Dandelion greens are edible and a rich source of vitamin A.

Common Names—lion’s tooth, blowball

Latin Name—Taraxacum officinale

What It Is Used For
• Dandelion has been used in many traditional medical systems, including Native American and traditional Arabic medicine.

• Historically, dandelion was most commonly used to treat liver diseases, kidney diseases, and spleen problems. Less commonly, dandelion was used to treat digestive problems and skin conditions.

• Today, dandelion is used by some as a liver or kidney “tonic,” as a diuretic, and for minor digestive problems.

How It Is Used
The leaves and roots of the dandelion, or the whole plant, are used fresh or dried in teas, capsules, or extracts. Dandelion leaves are used in salads or as a cooked green, and the flowers are used to make wine.

What the Science Says
There is no compelling scientific evidence for using dandelion as a treatment for any medical condition.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Dandelion use is generally considered safe. However, there have been rare reports of upset stomach and diarrhea, and some people are allergic to the plant.

• People with an inflamed or infected gallbladder, or blocked bile ducts, should avoid using dandelion.

• It is important to inform your health care providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using, including dandelion. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.

Sources
Dandelion. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on January 11, 2006.

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on January 11, 2006.

Dandelion root with herb. In: Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckman J, eds. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:359-366.

This document is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Animal Spirits

ABOVE: Phoenix Rising From the Ashes

“To merge with the animal nature through imitation is to invoke the primal force of the god or goddess reflected within.”
-Raven Grimassi, Hereditary Witchcraft

Shamans often ask for the assistance of their animal spirit who act as a guardian to the shaman while they partake of their journey to the spirit world. Animal spirits are used to bring more power to one’s magic. The use of animal spirits is a form of sympathetic magic. The witch or shaman was believed to take on certain desired characteristics of their animal spirit, these characteristics made the magic that was practiced more powerful and meaningful. Native Americans, witches, and other shamans often use a variety of animal spirits in their practice of shamanism in order to visit the spirit world.

A similar concept is that of animal familiars. Witches and wizards were believed to be able to temporarily remove their soul from their body and store it in their animal familiar. The most common and magically powerful animal familiars associated with witches were thought to be cats, hares, serpents, foxes, and toads.

Some of the more common attributes associated with each of these animal spirits have been listed for your convenience. Choose the animal spirits you want to work with according to the characteristics that you want to emulate while working your magic. Or you may choose to work with the animals that you feel a special affinity towards.

Traditional animal spirits:
Bear - astral travel, change, healing, primal power, solitude, transformation.

Bee - chastity, immortality, industry, purity, rebirth, secret wisdowm, spirit.

Boar - courage, direction, leadership, strength, warrior.

Bull - death, fertility, resurrection.

Butterfly - metamorphosis, rebirth, soul.

Cat - guardianship, magic, mystery, protection, reincarnation, sensuality, wisdom.

Coyote - illumination, insight, intelligence, prankster, shape-shifting, stealth.

Crow - boldness, cunning, divination, omen, prophecy, shape-shifting, swiftness, thief, trickery.

Deer - gentleness, grace, healing, independence, innocence, kindness, love, nobility, pride, psychic powers, purification, sensitivity, strength, swiftness.

Dolphin - balance, change, freedom, harmony, trust, wisdom.

Dragonfly - change, grace, power of light, swiftness, truth.

Eagle - clear vision, courage, creation, healing, intelligence, renewal, spiritual power, swiftness, strength, wisdom.

Fox - cleverness, cunning, intelligence, invisibility, persistence, protection, provider, shape-shifting, slyness, stealth, swiftness, wisdom.

Frog/toad - cleansing, faith, fertility, healing, magic, medicine, miracles, sensitivity, shamanism, transformation.

Goat - fertility, independence, power, preserver, protection, sexuality, virility.

Goose - fertility, fidelity, innocence, luck, parenthood, vigilance .

Hare/rabbit - alertness, balance, humility, fertility, nurturing, rebirth, rejuvenation, resurrection.

Horse - astral travel, endurance, freedom, grace, journey, magical ability, movement, power, stamina, strength, travel, vitality.

Owl - freedom, healing, insight, omens, patience, shape-shifting, truth, watchfulness.

Raven - creation, healing, initiation, magic, protection, shape-shifting, teacher, trickster, wisdom.

Salmon - abundance, fertility, psychic ability, secret wisdom.

Scorpion - attacking from the rear, death and rebirth, transmutation of poison.

Shark - defensive ability, guardian, protector, savior, shape shifter.

Snake - healing, immortality, initiation, rebirth, resurrection, transformation, wisdom.

Swan - balance, beauty, dreams, empathy, grace, innocence, intuition, longevity, love, mystic, sensitive, soul.

Turtle - longevity, navigation, wisdom.

Whale - psychic, record keeper, telepathic.

Wolf - cunning, guardianship, intuition, learning, loyalty, perseverance, ritual, stability, teaching.

Mythical animal spirits:
Use these animal spirits to help guide the darker aspects of your magical workings. They can be evoked to help with banishing spells or to help prevent attack from evil entities or to send an evil spell back to its sender.

Basilisk - an ancient mythological creature said to be the king of serpents possessing lethal breath and a gaze that could turn anyone into stone.

Centaur - part human, part horse. Healer, teacher.

Chimera - a monster of Greek mythology. Part lion, part goat, part serpent and which breathes flames. Elusive delusion, fantasy, figment of imagination.

Dragon - ancient powers, enlightenment, intelligence, protection.

Gargoyle - dissolves negativity, protector of light, silent guardian.

Gryphon - head and wings of an eagle, legs and tail of a lion. The gryphon represents daring, physical protection and revenge.

Hydra - a water serpent of Greek mythology with many heads, when one of the heads is cut off 2 more will grow back. The hydra represents immortality.

Minotaur - head of a bull, body of a man. The minotaur represents arrogance, isolation, strength, strong will and vanity.

Pegasus - a horse with wings. The Pegasus represents astral travel, boundaries, emotion, humility, inspiriation and protection.

Phoenix - rebirth, regeneration, reincarnation, renewal, spiritual growth.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Healing Properties of Gemstones

ABOVE: Malachite Slab

While any type of stone can be used for a variety of magical and healing purposes I am listing my personal favorites which I like to work with on a continual basis.

The element associated with each of the stones is also listed for reference purposes. Most white and pale to medium yellow stones are associated with the element air. Red and orange gemstones are associated with the element fire along with stones that are formed directly by fire such as obsidian. Blue and brilliant green stones are associated with the water element. Mossy or dull green and brown colored stones are most often associated with the earth element. Clear or purple colored stones are often associated with spirit.

Amethyst - AKA wine stone. Amethyst is a form of quartz and is used as a charm against drunkenness. Inner peace, meditation, psychic energy, spirituality. Amethyst is a perfect stone to meditate on prior to conducting shamanic journeys. This tone can also be used for digestive disorders, insomnia, headaches, and mental problems along with problems with the skin, teeth, heart, and stomach. Element = spirit, Zodiac sign = Pisces, Virgo, Aquarius, Capricorn.

Aquamarine - AKA stone of courage. Use aquamarine for help with intellectual pursuits, spirituality. Helps alleviate swollen glands along with problems with the eyes, teeth, and bones. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Gemini, Pisces, Aries.

Aventurine - AKA deity stone. Balances god and goddess energy and enhances ones creativity. Helps with disorders of the lungs, heart, and adrenal glands. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Aries.

Blue lace agate - AKA water stone. Arthritis, broken bones, fingernails, pancreas, brain, eyes, nervous system, digestion. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Pisces.

Carnelian - physical energy, creativity, compassion, spirituality. Helps to rid one of fear, rage, and envy. Used to alleviate allergies, colds, gall and kidney stones. Element = fire, Zodiac sign = Taurus, Cancer, Leo.

Citrine - business, wealth, balances yin/yang energy. Also helps with blood and thyroid problems. Element = air, Zodiac sign = Gemini, Aries, Libra, Leo.

Emerald - a powerful stone used for healing. It was also used for a variety of magical purposes. Meditation, memory, intelligence, psychic ability, harmony. Helps heal the spine, lungs, heart, muscles, and eyes. Element = earth, Zodiac sign = Taurus, Gemini, Aries.

Labradorite - destiny, subconscious mind, moon energy, goddess representation, patience, intuition. Used to alleviate problems with the brain, anxiety, and stress. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Scorpio, Leo, Sagittarius.

Lapis lazuli - ancient knowledge, sacred texts, celestial magic, psychic attacks, relationships, knowledge, intuition, mysticism, dream work, self-love and acceptance. Helps heal throat problems and alleviate vertigo. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Sagittarius.

Malachite - transformation, spirituality, insight, balances the mind/body/spirit connection, instinct, intuition, friendship. Asthma, arthritis, swollen joints, tumors. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Capricorn & Scorpio.

Moonstone - AKA wolf’s eye - used to sharpen your perception of spirits and ghosts. This stone is sometimes referred to as the Earth Mother stone. It is also a good stone to use in love spells and to enhance your psychic ability. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Cancer, Libra, Scorpio.

Moss agate - AKA weather stone. Wealth, self-esteem, emotional balance, communication with the plant and animal spirits. Colds, flu, eyes, fungal infections. Element = earth, Zodiac sign = Virgo.

Picture jasper - creative visualization, business endeavors, fellowship, brotherhood. Also used to help alleviate disorders of the skin and kidneys. Element = earth, Zodiac sign = Leo.

Pyrite - Use pyrite for protection and to help shield you from physical danger. Used in intellectual pursuits, love magic, and as a friendship enhancer. Pyrite can be used to help heal bones, cells, lungs and fevers. Element = fire, Zodiac sign = Leo.

Rhodochrosite - AKA stone of love. Dream work, meditation, spirituality. Use with problems with the ears, sinus, ulcers, digestion, heart, thyroid. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Scorpio & Leo.

Rose quartz - AKA stone of harmony. This is a calming and cooling stone which helps to promote peace, gentle love, and friendship. It can also be used by artist and musicians, and writers to add extra creativity to their work. Rose quartz balances yin/yang energy and can be used for emotional healing, stress, tension, vertigo along with problems with the kidneys and adrenal glands. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Taurus & Libra.

Ruby - AKA stone of healing. Ruby is a wonderful stone to help curb excessive bleeding. Red is a color that is often associated with healing and can be used as a powerful shaman stone. Psychic attack, stability, dream work, nurturing, spirituality, health, wealth, knowledge, astral travel. Ruby is commonly used as an aid in love and relationship issues. Used to reduce fever and heart problems. Element = fire, Zodiac sign = Leo, Scorpio, Cancer, Sagittarius.

Sapphire - AKA stone of prosperity. Beauty, joy, peace, intuition, and prosperity. Sapphire can be used as a general healing stone and is especially helpful in alleviating problems with the blood and circulation. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Virgo, Libra & Sagittarius.

Silver - AKA stone of the soul. Silver represents the moon’s energies and help to bring added power to other stones especially when used during new and full moons. Use silver on its own to help eliminate toxins and alleviate vision problems. Also used to bring power to speech, conversation, intuition, and as an aid to astral travel. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Cancer & Aquarius.

Sodalite - Self esteem, logic, intellect, fellowship, solidarity, companionship. Use to heal problems with the glands, digestion, insomnia. Element = water, Zodiac sign = Sagittarius.

Sunstone - AKA stone of the sun. Sunstone represents the healing light of the sun and god energy. Stress reliever, vitality, energy, independence. Use to heal sore throats, ulcers, rheumatism. Element = fire, Zodiac sign = Libra & Leo.

Tiger eye - helps to bring the energies of the sun and earth into balance with one another and can help to bring harmony to left and right brain activity. This stone also acts as a good grounding stone, use for meditation, to enhance psychic ability, and alleviate depression. Helps heal problems with the eyes, throat, spinal column, and broken bones. Element = earth, Zodiac sign = Capricorn.

Tiger iron - Tiger iron is a combination of golden tiger eye, red jasper, and hematite. Use this stone to enhance your creativity, artistic ability, and physical strength. Element = earth, Zodiac sign = Leo.

Topaz - Creativity, love, happiness, meditation, health, wealth. Topaz also helps to heal wounds and skin disorders. Element = air, Zodiac sign = Sagittarius.

Unakite - AKA stone of mysticism. Spirituality, past lives, past events, helps to balance the body/mind/soul connection. Use to bring strength to the reproductive system and for a healthy pregnancy. Element = earth, Zodiac sign = Scorpio.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Herbal Fact Sheet - Cranberry

This fact sheet provides basic information about cranberry—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Cranberries are the fruit of a native plant of North America. These red berries are used in foods and in herbal products.

Common Names—cranberry, American cranberry, bog cranberry

Latin Name—Vaccinium macrocarpon

What It Is Used For
• Historically, cranberry fruits and leaves were used for a variety of problems, such as wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

• Recently, cranberry products have been used in the hope of preventing or treating urinary tract infections or Helicobacter pylori infections that can lead to stomach ulcers, or to prevent dental plaque. Cranberry has also been reported to have antioxidant and anticancer activity.

How It Is Used
The berries are used to produce beverages and many other food products, as well as dietary supplements in the form of extracts, teas, and capsules or tablets.

What the Science Says
• Some studies testing cranberry products for their ability to prevent urinary tract infections have shown promise. These studies have generally been small in size, and some were not randomized or controlled; therefore, the results are not conclusive.

• Cranberry products have not been adequately tested to see if they can be used to help treat an existing urinary tract infection.

• Research shows that components found in cranberry may prevent bacteria, such as E. coli, from clinging to the cells along the walls of the urinary tract and causing infection. However, the mechanism of action of cranberry is not fully understood.

• NCCAM, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research are funding studies to understand whether and how cranberry might work to:

- Prevent urinary tract infection
- Prevent the formation of dental plaque

Side Effects and Cautions
• Eating cranberry products in food amounts appears to be safe, but drinking excessive amounts of juice could cause gastrointestinal upset or diarrhea.

• People who think they have a urinary tract infection should see a health care provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Cranberry products should not be used to treat infection.

• It is important to inform your health care providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using, including cranberry. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.

Sources
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Aiton. In: Coates P, Blackman M, Cragg G, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2005:143-149. Accessed at http://www.dekker.com on September 8, 2005.

Cranberry. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on September 8, 2005.

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on September 8, 2005.

This document is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Herbal Fact Sheet - Cat's Claw

This fact sheet provides basic information about the herb cat’s claw—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Cat’s claw grows wild in many countries of Central and South America, especially in the Amazon rainforest.

Common Names—cat’s claw, uña de gato

Latin Names—Uncaria tomentosa, Uncaria guianensis

What It Is Used For
• Cat’s claw has been used for centuries in South America to prevent and treat disease.

• It has been used for a variety of health conditions, including viral infections (such as herpes and HIV), Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and arthritis.

• Cat’s claw has been used to support the immune system and promote kidney health, as well as to prevent and abort pregnancy.

How It Is Used
The inner bark of cat’s claw is used to make liquid extracts, capsules, and teas. Preparations of cat’s claw can also be applied to the skin.

What the Science Says
• There is not enough scientific evidence to determine how well cat’s claw works for any health problem, including arthritis, HIV, or cancer.

• Small studies in humans have shown a possible benefit of cat’s claw in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, but no large trials have been done. In laboratory studies, cat’s claw stimulates part of the immune system, but it has not been proven to reduce inflammation or boost the immune system in humans.

• The National Institute on Aging is studying how cat’s claw may affect the brain. Findings may point to new avenues for research in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

Side Effects and Cautions
• Few side effects have been reported for cat’s claw when it is taken at recommended dosages. Though rare, side effects may include headaches, dizziness, and vomiting.

• Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant should avoid using cat’s claw because of its past use for preventing and aborting pregnancy.

• Because cat’s claw may stimulate the immune system, it is unclear whether the herb is safe for people with conditions affecting the immune system.

• Tell your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

Sources
Cat’s claw. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturaldatabase.com on November 22, 2006.

Cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa, Uncaria guianensis). Natural Standard Database Web site. Accessed at http://www.naturalstandard.com on November 22, 2006.

This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged. NCCAM has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your primary health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCAM. National Institutes of Health

Take care,
The Backyard Diva

Kitchen Gods and Goddesses

Many pre-Christian societies paid homage to a variety of hearth gods. These hearth gods were thought to bestow good fortune to the household. These gods were often times dressed in red and traveled down the chimney to bless the houses of the people that they were pleased with but were thought to perform mischief if they were angry with the inhabitants of the household. The people would leave offerings such as food and drink on the edge of the hearth or mantle place in order to appease the gods and prevent them from becoming angry with the members of the household. These red clad hearth gods are still worshipped in many Asian societies and may have been the origin of the folklore associated with our modern-day Santa Claus.

Members of ancient tribes thought that fire had tremendous powers. Fire gave ancient peoples warmth and protection from inclement weather, heat in which to cook their food and light to illuminate the darkness of night. The spirits of fire gods are believed to inhabit the wood that is used to start the fires of the hearth and home. You may wish to dedicate your kitchen practices and activities to one or more of these gods and goddesses of the hearth, fire and household.

Kitchen Gods and Goddesses

• Agni - Indian fire god and god of the home and hearth.
• Atar - Zoroastrian god of celestial and terrestrial fire.
• Ayabba - Africa goddess of the hearth.
• Bast - Egyptian cat-headed goddess, goddess of the flame and fire.
• Brigit - Celtic fertility goddess and goddess of the hearth, fire, healing, poetry and wisdom.
• Chantico - Aztec goddess of hearth fires and volcano fires.
• Chiconahui - Aztec goddess of the hearth and guardian of the household.
• Chu Jung - Chinese god of fire.
• Gibil - Babylonian god of fire.
• Ephesus - Greek god of fire and volcanoes.
• Hestia - Greek goddess of the hearth, fire and family life.
• Hyang Api - Indonesian god of fire.
• Hyang Kehen - Indonesian god of the hearth.
• Kagutsuchi - Japanese fire god.
• Kiyoshikojin Seichoji - Japanese god of the cooking stove.
• Loki - Norse god of the hearth, fire and lightning. Also known as the trickster god.
• Ong Tao - Asian god of the hearth, stove and household.
• Pele - Hawaiian fire goddess, goddess of volcanoes.
• Prometheus - Greek Titan, he stole fire from the gods and presented this gift to humans.
• Sanpo Kojin - Japanese god of the hearth.
• Tsao Wang - Chinese god of the hearth and family.
• Ut - Siberian goddess of the hearth.
• Vesta - Roman goddess of the hearth and eternal fires.
• Vulcan - Roman god of fire and volcanoes.
• Xiuhtecuhtli - Aztec fire god.

Take care,
The Backyard Diva